Pull Up Constructor Body
You have constructors on subclasses with mostly identical bodies.
Create a superclass constructor; call this from the subclass methods.
class Manager extends Employee...
public Manager (String name, String id, int grade) {
_name = name;
_id = id;
_grade = grade;
}

public Manager (String name, String id, int grade) {
super (name, id);
_grade = grade;
}
For more inforamtion see page 325 of Refactoring